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16 inch gun muzzle velocity12/7/2023 ![]() ![]() One battalion of M1 guns, the 513th AAA Gun Battalion, was deployed in the Philippines in February 1945, but never fired on any hostile aircraft.Īfter World War II ended and the Cold War with the Soviet Union began, M1 guns were deployed in many locations in the U.S. The M1 gun entered service late in World War II. The M6 Tractor was used as the prime mover. Like the 90 mm, the M1 gun was typically operated in a battery of four guns, initially with an associated searchlight, SCR-268 radar (replaced later by the much-improved SCR-584), M10 gun director, and M4 Gun Data Computer that automatically laid the guns. For the super-heavy role, the 120 mm gun design was dusted off and mated to a new eight-wheel carriage, designated 4.7-inch M1 when it was accepted in 1940. The former was filled by the new M1 90 mm gun, which replaced the earlier M3 3-inch gun then in use. In 1938, the Army reviewed its needs for newer AA systems and decided to order new systems for both the heavy and super-heavy role. The system was considered far too heavy and expensive to be useful, and the project slowed, although it was never canceled outright. The United States Army first worked on a 120 mm gun after the end of World War I, with a prototype being presented in 1924. However, a derivative mounted in the M103 tank served in that capacity until 1974. It became obsolete with the development of anti-aircraft missiles and was phased out after 1954. ![]() The M1 gun was used by the Army for air defense from 1944 to 1960, serving primarily in static defensive roles, although it had been designed to be mobile. Its maximum altitude was about 60,000 ft (18,000 m), which earned it the nickname stratosphere gun. The 120 mm Gun M1 was the United States Army's standard super-heavy anti-aircraft gun during World War II and the Korean War, complementing the smaller and more mobile M2 90 mm gun in service. A 120 mm M1 anti-aircraft gun at US Army Ordnance Museum.ġ3 (gun commander, gunner with eight man squad, ammunition chief supervising two ammunition handlers)Ĩ2,000 ft (25,000 m), 57,500 ft (17,500 m) maximum altitude
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